In the era of data deluge, the seemingly unassuming 100G QSFP28 remains an indispensable “supporting wall” behind the scenes of the data center.
While the industry is buzzing about 400G, 800G, and even 1.6T optical transceiver technologies, this “mature” 100G QSFP28 technology has not only not faded from the scene, but has instead maintained its robust vitality in global data centers. Market research indicates that the global 100G QSFP28 SR4 optical transceiver market will reach US$452 million in 2024 and is expected to grow to US$727 million by 2031, achieving a compound annual growth rate of 6.90%.
In the rapidly evolving data center sector, this phenomenon warrants in-depth discussion.
The Perfect Balance of Technology Maturity and Cost-Effectiveness
Since its introduction, the 100G QSFP28 optical transceiver utilizes quad-channel 25Gbps NRZ modulation technology and has become a classic solution for short-distance interconnects in data centers. Compared to higher-speed modules, the biggest advantage of QSFP28 lies in its cost optimization achieved through mass production.
After years of development, the QSFP28 industry chain has matured and stabilized, and product prices have settled into a reasonable range, offering data center operators an extremely cost-effective option.
QSFP28 exhibits a clear advantage in power consumption. Active optical cable (AOC) versions of QSFP28 typically consume less than 2.0W, while passive copper cable (DAC) versions can consume less than 0.5W.
Compared to earlier 100G optical modules such as CFP, QSFP28 consumes several times less power. This energy efficiency translates to significant operational cost savings for large-scale data centers.
The Practical Value of High-Density Cabling and Smooth Upgrades
The physical size of QSFP28 enables extremely high port density—up to 36 QSFP28 modules can be installed on a single 1RU switch front panel. This high density is crucial for space-constrained data centers, enabling the implementation of numerous 100G connections within a limited space.
For existing data center infrastructure, QSFP28 provides a seamless upgrade path. Many data centers are still based on 10G/25G network architectures, and QSFP28 can directly interconnect with 25G optical modules, protecting existing investments. This backward compatibility lowers the barrier to entry and cost of upgrading from 10G/25G to 100G.
For modern data centers employing leaf-spine network architectures, QSFP28 offers a cost-effective solution for intra-rack and inter-rack connectivity. Whether between servers and leaf switches or between leaf and spine switches, QSFP28 delivers reliable 100G connectivity over appropriate distances.
Technical Flexibility for Diverse Scenarios
The 100G QSFP28 product line is comprehensive, meeting the needs of diverse application scenarios:
Active optical cables: With transmission distances up to 100 meters, they are suitable for most connectivity scenarios within the data center.
Passive copper cables: Suitable for extremely short-distance intra-rack connections at the lowest cost.
Optical modules: Support various specifications, including SR4 and LR4, covering transmission distances from a few meters to several kilometers.
In recent years, the maturity of single-wavelength 100G PAM4 technology has brought new vitality to QSFP28. Single-wavelength modules such as 100G LR1/ER1 reduce costs by reducing the number of optical chips and provide convenient interconnection with 400G equipment. This technological evolution ensures that QSFP28 can adapt to future network needs.
Market Inertia and Ecosystem Support
Data center operators consider not only technical specifications when selecting technology, but also supply chain stability, operational familiarity, and a proven track record of reliability. In these areas, QSFP28 offers clear advantages.
After years of deployment, QSFP28 has established a robust ecosystem. Major network equipment vendors now offer QSFP28-supported switches, routers, and network adapters. Furthermore, operations teams’ familiarity with QSFP28 reduces training costs and the risk of configuration errors.
For many application scenarios, 100G bandwidth is sufficient. Not all workloads require the ultra-high bandwidth of 400G or 800G. In many cases, multiple 100G links offer greater flexibility and reliability than a few higher-speed links. This practical need ensures that QSFP28 will remain relevant for a considerable period of time.
Future Positioning and Evolution Path
With the advancement of 400G/800G technology, 100G QSFP28 has not been replaced, but has found its own unique market niche. Within the data center network hierarchy, QSFP28 focuses on scenarios such as server access, intra-rack connectivity, and short-distance interconnects.
It is worth noting that QSFP28 and higher-speed technologies are not simply substitutes, but rather complementary and coexisting. For example, a single-wavelength 100G QSFP28 module can directly interconnect with a 400G port, enabling smooth upgrades via breakout cables. This compatibility extends the technical lifecycle of QSFP28.
100G QSFP28 has also found application in emerging areas such as 5G transport networks, enterprise networks, and edge computing. These cost-sensitive sectors don’t necessarily require ultra-high speeds, creating new market opportunities for QSFP28.
Summary
As data centers evolve toward higher speeds, 100G QSFP28 remains relevant. With its mature ecosystem, excellent cost-effectiveness, and continuous technological innovation, it has secured a unique position in the high-speed interconnect space.
As one industry expert observed, the wisdom of data center network design lies in using the right technology for the right scenario. 100G QSFP28 may not be the most cutting-edge technology, but it is undoubtedly a proven and reliable option.
